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Science · B8

Term 3 · Week 2 · 2.00 credits · GHS 1.00

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Lesson Note - Science

Ave Maria R/C Jhs

Weekly Lesson Plan

JHS 2 (B8) · Term 3

Science

Lesson 1 of 1

Week Ending

Friday, 01 May 2026 Backdated

Week & Term

Week 2 · Term 3

Class Teacher

Adwoa Baabowe

Subject

Science

Class

JHS 2 (B8)

Class Size

Duration

120 mins

Week No.

Week 2

Strand

4. Forces And Energy

Sub-Strand

2. Electricity And Electronics

Content Standard & Indicator

B8.4.2.2.1

Content Standard

Demonstrate understanding of the functions of capacitors in relation to LEDs, Diodes and resistors in electronic circuits

Indicator

Demonstrate the charging and discharging action of a capacitor in a DC electronic circuit

Performance Indicator

Learners will demonstrate understanding of how a capacitor charges and discharges in a DC circuit by describing the process and identifying the roles of capacitors, LEDs, diodes and resistors.

Core Competencies

Key Words

Teaching / Learning Resources (TLR)

References

Lesson Activities by Day

Date	Phase 1: Starter (9 mins) Preparing the brain	Phase 2: Main (39 mins) New learning + assessment	Resources	Phase 3: Plenary (12 mins) Reflection + exercise
Fri 01 May 2026	1Recall prior knowledge of basic electronic components and their functions in simple circuits 2Display three labelled images on the chart (resistor, LED, diode) using the Chart/diagram TLR. Ask learners to name each component and whisper to their partner one thing it does in a circuit	WHAT IS A CAPACITOR AND HOW DOES IT WORK? 1Using the Science kit/specimens, display an actual capacitor (or a clear diagram on chart) and pass it around the class in pairs so learners can observe its shape and size. Read aloud from the Textbook the definition: a capacitor is a component that stores electrical energy. Learners write the definition in their exercise books 2Draw a simple DC circuit diagram on the board showing a capacitor connected to a battery, resistor and LED. Point to each component and ask: What do you think happens when we switch on this circuit? Accept predictions and confirm that the capacitor begins to store charge from the battery. Let learners work in pairs to keep all learners involved 3Struggling learners: pair with a stronger peer to complete the written definition. Fast finishers: sketch the circuit diagram in their exercise books and label all components. Use pair or group support to manage the large class. CHARGING AND DISCHARGING ACTIONS OF A CAPACITOR 4Using the chart diagram and the Learners Resource Pack, explain charging: when the circuit is switched on, current flows and the capacitor fills with electrical energy, like water filling a tank. Show this with a simple hand gesture (hand moving upward to indicate filling). Learners repeat the gesture and say aloud: "Capacitor is charging.". Let learners work in pairs to keep all learners involved 5Explain discharging: when the circuit switch is opened, the stored energy flows out of the capacitor back through the circuit, like water draining from a tank. Demonstrate with a downward hand gesture. Learners copy the gesture and say aloud: "Capacitor is discharging." Ask a volunteer to draw both processes as two simple sketches on the board. Let learners work in pairs to keep all learners involved 6Struggling learners: focus on understanding the two actions (charge in, discharge out) using only the water tank analogy. Fast finishers: research in the Textbook how resistors slow down charging and discharging times. Use pair or group support to manage the large class.	1Textbook 2Science kit/specimens (capacitor) 3Chart/diagram (circuit diagram and component images) 4Exercise book 5Learners Resource Pack	1Ask learners to stand if they understand what a capacitor does, sit if they need more help, and kneel if they are unsure. Count each group and invite one representative from the sitting group to ask one question about capacitors to clarify their confusion 2Pairs take turns: one learner makes the charging gesture (hand up) while their partner says "charging," then swap roles for discharging (hand down). Monitor and correct any mistakes Exercise 1Draw a simple circuit with a capacitor, battery and resistor. Write: The capacitor in this circuit is storing energy. What is happening to the capacitor right now? Is it charging or discharging? Write one sentence to explain your answer using the words "energy" and "battery." in their exercise books.
Wed 29 Apr 2026	1Identify the sequence of events when a capacitor charges and discharges in a DC circuit 2Display a simple DC circuit diagram on the board showing a capacitor symbol (\|\|), battery, and switch. Ask learners: What do you think happens when we close this switch? Learners discuss in pairs, then a volunteer from each pair whispers their prediction to their partner	EXPLAINING CAPACITOR CHARGING IN A DC CIRCUIT 1Draw a labelled DC circuit on the chart/diagram with a capacitor, 9V battery, resistor, and switch in series. Explain step by step: when the switch closes, current flows and electrons accumulate on one plate of the capacitor; this is charging. Ask learners to repeat chorally three times: Capacitor charges when switch is closed. Write the formula for charge: Q = CV on the board and explain: C is capacitance (measured in Farads), V is voltage. Let learners work in pairs to keep all learners involved 2Distribute the textbook to each pair and ask them to read pages on capacitor function in DC circuits. Learners identify and write down three ways a capacitor stores energy (answer: stores electrical charge, releases charge when needed, acts as a temporary battery). Ask a girl who has not yet contributed to share one way with the class 3Struggling learners work with a simplified circuit diagram showing only the capacitor, battery, and switch; read only the first paragraph of the textbook. Use pair or group support to manage the large class. DEMONSTRATING CAPACITOR DISCHARGING AND CIRCUIT COMPONENTS 4Using the Science kit, assemble a DC circuit with a fully charged capacitor in series with an LED, resistor, and diode. Close the switch and observe the LED light up; this is discharging (capacitor releases stored charge through the LED). Ask learners: Why does the LED get dimmer over time? Discuss: the capacitor is losing charge. Explain the role of the resistor: it slows the discharge rate; the diode: it allows current in one direction only; the LED: it shows when current flows. Let learners work in pairs to keep all learners involved 5Learners work in pairs with their exercise books. Give each pair a circuit scenario: Amina built a circuit where a capacitor charged for 5 seconds, then discharged through an LED for 8 seconds. Ask pairs to draw this sequence in two labelled diagrams (charging and discharging) and write one sentence explaining what happened in each stage. Invite the first three pairs to finish to bring their books to show the teacher 6Struggling learners use a pre-drawn template with blanks to fill in (charging/discharging labels) and copy the explanation from the board. Use pair or group support to manage the large class.	1Textbook (Science) 2Science kit (capacitor, battery, resistor, diode, LED, wires, switch) 3Chart/diagram (pre-drawn DC circuit with capacitor) 4Exercise book	1Learners stand in a circle. Call out: Capacitor is charging. Learners who agree step forward; those who disagree step back. Repeat with: A diode blocks current in both directions. A resistor slows the discharge of a capacitor 2Ask learners to whisper to their partner one new thing they learned about capacitors today. Select a boy and a girl from different parts of the class to share their answer aloud to the whole class Exercise 1In your exercise book, draw a labelled diagram of a capacitor discharging through an LED in a DC circuit. Write two sentences explaining why the LED gets dimmer as the capacitor discharges

Class Teacher

Adwoa Baabowe

Head Teacher

Signature & Date

SISO / Circuit Supervisor

Signature & Date

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