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- 1Recall examples of times when data or messages did not reach their destination or were changed in real life
- 2Ask learners: Can you think of a time a text message from a friend never arrived on your phone, or when a phone call got cut off? Learners whisper their answer to the person sitting next to them, then two volunteers share aloud
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- UNDERSTANDING THE FOUR MAJOR DATA THREATS
- 1Use the projector to display a table with four rows titled Interruption, Interception, Modification, and Fabrication. Read aloud: Interruption means data is blocked and never reaches the receiver—like when Yakubu's email to his teacher gets stuck in a broken network. Interception means an attacker secretly copies the data—like when a hacker reads Amina's school exam answers before she sends them. Write both definitions clearly on the board. Learners copy into their exercise books
- 2Display the second pair on the projector: Modification means data is changed on its way—like when someone changes Kwame's bank balance from GH₵500 to GH₵5000 while it travels through the network. Fabrication means creating fake data and pretending it came from someone else—like when a fake message pretending to be from the headmaster asks for money. Learners work in pairs to discuss which threat is most serious and write one sentence in their books explaining why
- 3Note for struggling learners: Provide a visual diagram on the board with stick figures showing each threat scenario; pair these learners with a peer to explain each one using the diagram. Use Computer/Laptop during the task
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- 1Computer/Laptop
- 2Projector
- 3Whiteboard and marker
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- 1Call on one representative from each pair to read their sentence about which threat is most serious. Listen to 3–4 responses and affirm correct reasoning
- 2Ask the whole class: Show me thumbs up if you can now explain what Interruption means, thumbs sideways if you are unsure, thumbs down if you are confused. Use this to gauge understanding before Day 2
Exercise
- 1Write one sentence describing what Interception means in your own words. Use the example of a Ghana Card holder or a school message to show you understand in their exercise books.
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- 1Recall the four major categories of data threats and identify examples of each from real-world scenarios
- 2Ask learners: Yesterday we learned about threats to data security. Can you name any threat you remember hearing about on the news or social media? Allow 3 volunteers to share one threat each (e.g. a hacked bank account, a stolen message, fake news). Write each threat on the board
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- UNDERSTANDING THE FOUR MAJOR DATA THREATS
- 1Play a short video clip on the projector showing examples of Interruption, Interception, Modification, and Fabrication in real contexts (e.g. network outage, email hacking, altered exam marks, fake invoice). After the video, ask learners to identify which threat type each example represents. Pause after each clip and call on volunteers to name the threat and explain in one sentence why they chose it
- 2Write the four threat types in four corners of the classroom: INTERRUPTION (top-left), INTERCEPTION (top-right), MODIFICATION (bottom-left), FABRICATION (bottom-right). Read aloud four short scenarios using Ghanaian contexts: (1) Yakubu's online banking stopped working during transfer; (2) Someone read Afua's private WhatsApp message without her permission; (3) A teacher's exam results were changed from 40 to 80 before uploading to the school system; (4) A fake SMS claimed Kofi won GH₵10,000 in a lottery he never entered. Learners stand and walk to the corner matching each threat, then pairs discuss why they chose that corner with the person standing next to them. Use Computer/Laptop during the task
- 3Struggling learners: pair with stronger peers during the corner activity and provide a written reference card with one-word definitions of each threat type.
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- 1Computer/Laptop
- 2Projector
- 3Internet connection
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- 1Ask learners to sit in pairs and create one sentence for each threat type using a Ghanaian example (market trader, student, or trotro driver scenario). Select one pair to read their sentence for Interruption aloud; another pair shares Interception; and so on. Confirm accuracy and praise creative use of local context
- 2Use a quick confidence check: Hold up four fingers. Learners show 1 finger if they can name one threat, 2 fingers if they can name two, 3 fingers if they can name three, and 4 fingers if they can describe all four threats. Ask learners with 3–4 fingers to give a thumbs-up to a classmate who showed fewer fingers as a sign of encouragement
Exercise
- 1Name and describe one data threat that could prevent information from reaching its destination safely in Ghana. Use a real example (e.g. a banking transaction, a school report, or a hospital patient record). Write 2–3 sentences explaining what happens, who is affected, and why it is a security problem in their exercise books.
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