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- 1Recall the correct order of operations (BODMAS) and identify how computers store data using variables in real-world problems
- 2Write on the board: 5 + 3 × 2. Ask learners to solve it and whisper their answer to their partner. Clarify: if you got 11, you added first (wrong); if you got 11, you multiplied first (correct = 11). This shows order matters in maths and in programmes
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- UNDERSTANDING VARIABLES, ASSIGNMENT, AND BODMAS IN PROGRAMMES
- 1Using the Computer and Projector, display a Python code snippet: notebooks = 4; price_per_notebook = 8; total = notebooks × price_per_notebook. Explain: notebooks and price_per_notebook are variable names that store numbers; the equals sign (=) assigns a value (Brackets, Orders, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction). Read the code aloud together: 'notebooks gets 4, price_per_notebook gets 8, total gets notebooks times price_per_notebook.' Ask a volunteer to state what total equals. (32.)
- 2Provide learners with the Textbook page showing three expressions: 10 + 5 − 3, (10 + 5) × 3, and 10 + 5 × 3. Learners write the answer to each in their exercise books, showing working using BODMAS order. Call on one learner who struggled with the starter to attempt the first; pair them with a stronger peer to check step 2. Confirm answers: 12, 45, 25 respectively, showing how brackets change order
- 3Struggling learners: work with only the first two expressions and use a BODMAS checklist card (Brackets first, then Orders, then Division/Multiplication left-to-right, then Addition/Subtraction left-to-right).
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- 1Computer/Laptop
- 2Projector
- 3Textbook (Computing Curriculum, pages on variables and BODMAS)
- 4Exercise books
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- 1Display Abena's programme on the Projector: cost = 6 × 2 + 4. Ask learners to work in pairs and decide the answer using BODMAS, then show with fingers how many steps (2 steps: multiply, then add). Invite two different pairs to explain their step-by-step order aloud to the class; confirm correct answer is 16
- 2Show a simple visual flowchart on the Textbook: 'Input price → Assign to variable → Calculate using BODMAS → Output result.' Learners point to each stage and chorally repeat the purpose of that stage once
Exercise
- 1Kwame writes a programme: savings = 100 − 20 + 15 × 2. Write out the correct answer step-by-step using BODMAS, showing which operation you do first, second, and third. (Expected: 1st multiply 15 × 2 = 30; 2nd do 100 − 20 + 30 left-to-right = 80 + 30 = 110.) in their exercise books.
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- 1Identify the four basic flowchart symbols and recall the difference between variables and constants in a programme
- 2Display the four flowchart symbols (start/stop, input/output, process, decision) on the projector. Ask learners to whisper the name of each symbol to their partner, then invite one learner to name all four aloud
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- APPLYING FLOWCHART SYMBOLS TO A REAL MARKET PROBLEM
- 1Present this scenario on the projector using the Computer/Laptop: Ama buys yams at Makola Market. She starts with GH₵200 (constant budget), buys yams at GH₵15 each, counts how many she can afford, and stops when money is finished. Ask learners to identify which symbol represents: start, entering the price, checking if money is left, and stopping. Work through the flowchart together, marking each step with the correct symbol from the textbook's flowchart guide
- 2Learners work in pairs using the Learners Resource Pack diagram. They draw a simple flowchart for this problem: Yakubu starts a trotro route (start), loads 15 passengers (constant), collects GH₵2 fare from each (process), counts total money (output), and checks if he reaches GH₵35 (decision). Pairs compare their flowcharts with one other pair and correct any symbol errors using the textbook reference
- 3Struggling learners: provide a partially completed flowchart template with 2 symbols filled in; they complete the remaining 2. Fast finishers: redraw the flowchart showing what happens if the price changes to GH₵20.
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- 1Computer/Laptop
- 2Projector
- 3Textbook
- 4Learners Resource Pack
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- 1Display the completed Ama yam-buying flowchart on the projector. Ask: Which parts show sequence (steps in order), which show iteration (repeating the buy action), and which show selection (the decision to stop)? A volunteer points to each on the board while the class confirms chorally
- 2Learners whisper one thing they learned today to their partner—either a flowchart symbol use or the difference between a variable and a constant—then one representative from each pair shares with the class
Exercise
- 1Draw a flowchart for this problem using the four basic symbols: Kofi saves GH₵5 every week (constant) into a total (variable) until he reaches GH₵50. Show the start, the process of adding GH₵5 each week, the decision (is total GH₵50?), and the stop. Label one constant and one variable on your flowchart in their exercise books.
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